Showing posts with label Garment. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Garment. Show all posts
Friday, September 5, 2014
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Thursday, September 4, 2014
Graduation Project Topics on Apparel Merchandising
Graduation Project Topics on Apparel Merchandising for 2014 (Discussion Post)
Today's fashion students are very keen to do their graduation project in
the field where they see themselves after completion of the course.
Some of them want to carry out project on most challenging topics.I am not in touch with merchandising work and with merchandisers for couple of years. That is why it becomes very difficult for me to suggest good topic to students. I want you to suggest some project topics for students in merchandising filed. All of the students are from NIFT (National Institute of Fashion Technology).
Here I have posted one of my e-mail discussions. And posted 4 other similar queries from OCS readers. I hope you would also like to give your suggestion on this discussion.
Student # 1:
Student: Sir, I am a student of National Institute of Fashion
Technology, Chennai, VII semester. As it is my final year in college, I
am supposed to do a Graduation Project in the coming semester. I came
across many topics, but I am unable to decide the best one in the
present scenario. I would be grateful to you if you could help me in
suggesting some topics.
Technology, Chennai, VII semester. As it is my final year in college, I
am supposed to do a Graduation Project in the coming semester. I came
across many topics, but I am unable to decide the best one in the
present scenario. I would be grateful to you if you could help me in
suggesting some topics.
OCS Reply: What are your favorite topics in NIFT? Carry out your
graduation project on your interested topics. Which course you are doing
at NIFT? Are you interested to do project in college or in factories?
Reply me these two questions then I would be able to suggest you few
good topics for your project.
Student: I am a student doing Apparel Production in NIFT and am interested in doing my GP in Merchandising. But the problem is that the college faculties do not encourage the same. So it would be helpful to me if you could suggest some topics related to for both Merchandising as well as Production.
Student: I am a student doing Apparel Production in NIFT and am interested in doing my GP in Merchandising. But the problem is that the college faculties do not encourage the same. So it would be helpful to me if you could suggest some topics related to for both Merchandising as well as Production.
OCS Reply: In such case, you can do project on the below topics
- Strengthening Pre-production activities in an export house (reduction on delays in pre-production activities)
- Improve Production planning in sampling and merchandising process (pre-production)
- How an effective merchandising improve production, reduce quality issues and reduce shipment delays
Tips: Don't be biased by the name of the topic. In the graduation project learn as much as you can do. While you are doing project on production, you can still learn merchandising by interacting with merchandisers in a factory.
- Strengthening Pre-production activities in an export house (reduction on delays in pre-production activities)
- Improve Production planning in sampling and merchandising process (pre-production)
- How an effective merchandising improve production, reduce quality issues and reduce shipment delays
Tips: Don't be biased by the name of the topic. In the graduation project learn as much as you can do. While you are doing project on production, you can still learn merchandising by interacting with merchandisers in a factory.
Student #2:
I have to go for a Graduation Project in the month of January next
year. I thought if I could use your knowledge and experience for my
Graduation Project.
I am still searching for a Project upon which
I need to work for around 16 weeks. I wanted to know that in
Merchandising department, what could be taken as a project. Is there any
loop hole or anything which could be organised to bring about a
positive change in the Merchandising process.
Please help me in choosing a good Project.
I am still searching for a Project upon which
I need to work for around 16 weeks. I wanted to know that in
Merchandising department, what could be taken as a project. Is there any
loop hole or anything which could be organised to bring about a
positive change in the Merchandising process.Please help me in choosing a good Project.
Student#3:
I want to carry out my college project in merchandising. Any research project topic in merchandising department. Plz help.
Student#4:
Hello sir, I am a student of apparel production, NIFT, Gandinagar. I
am currently in my 7th semester. We have to do a 4 months graduation
project in our next semester. My areas of interest are merchandising and
back end retail. I wanted to know of some of the possible project
topics in these areas. It is a humble request to you to please suggest
some topics.
Sir, I request you to suggest me some good graduation projects in
merchandising which helps me learn and explore more about its roles
and functions also it may benefit the company thus resulting in a
successful project.
Quality in Garment Industry
Key Factors for Controlling Product Quality in Garment Industry
While you are working on quality systems, it is very important to know the major factors that affect product quality. Secondly you need to maintain quality of the product what exactly buyer are looking from a supplier. In this article I have emphasized key quality factors that affect product quality in garment manufacturing.
Garment manufacturing process involves several processes through which raw material(s) are processed and converted into wearable garments. Making quality garment right first time (RFT) depends on number of parameters. Like raw material quality, handling of materials during processing of garments etc.
Do you think that quality can be produced by inspection and checking? Through inspection and checking you can only segregate stitched /semi stitched garments as defective garments or accepted garments. To have quality product, quality should be made by the operators who make the garment.
The key factors to produce quality garments
2. Raw material quality: Quality standard of the raw materials to
be used for making garment is one of key factors to expect right
quality. Like from a defective fabric lot, you can make quality
garments. Raw materials quality must be up to the mark (Fabric, Trims
and accessories). If required each incoming raw martial need to be
checked by qualified checkers.
3. Human factor: Quality systems are run by human. And all machine and equipment and work in done by human. If officers don’t know how to follow quality systems
and workers don’t know how to run machine or how to do the given job,
factory can’t produce quality garment. Managers need to be qualified
enough and operators and helpers must be trained for the job they would
do.
4. Delay in Corrective Action: Garment making processes are not
yet made error proof. So there is a chance of making mistakes somewhere
in the process flow. It is advisable that finding mistakes (defective
components) or defective garments earlier stage can reduce the severity
of quality issue. Delay in taking corrective action makes the problem
bigger that may extend the problem.
5. Communication Gap: A complex supply chain is there to execute
complete process. From order receiving to shipment dispatch. Lot of
communication happened in between departments and externals parties like
suppliers and customers. A wrong information or an incomplete
information may make the process worse. Especially when it comes to
follow solely buyer’s instruction or requirement.
6. Material Handling:This factor is also very effective. If
materials and produced garments are not handled carefully, producing
quality garment would be difficult.
7. Housekeeping: Housekeeping and cleanliness of the factory improves quality of the products. This is similar to the material handling.
So now you understand what all things need to be taken care of to make quality product.
Not only the quality control department but all employees of the factory are responsible following quality procedures. If everyone in the factory work towards making quality garments, nothing can stop them making the best quality product.
The secret of producing Right First Time (RFT) quality goods is like following this rule.
So now you understand what all things need to be taken care of to make quality product.
Not only the quality control department but all employees of the factory are responsible following quality procedures. If everyone in the factory work towards making quality garments, nothing can stop them making the best quality product.
The secret of producing Right First Time (RFT) quality goods is like following this rule.
"Nobody should produce defective garments/work and nobody should accept defectives work/material from other department"
Tuesday, September 2, 2014
50 Short Questions for Merchandisers
Answer Post: 50 Short Questions for Merchandisers
Please check your answers with the answer sheet shown in the following table.
http://jvz2.com/c/258303/14023
5. Matching left and
right hand column
a) – iv);
b) – i);
c) –v);
d) – ii);
e) – iii)
41. b. is most appropriate. Different agents used different
calculation factors. It also depends on importing country.
46. Answers.
a) FPT: Fabric Package Testing
b) GPT: Garment Package Testing
c) CIF: Cost Insurance Freight
d) LC : Letter of Credit
e) SKU: Stock Keeping Unit
f) DTM : Dye to Match
g) CPL: Cut panel Laundry
Friends, if anyone don’t agree with any answer given in the
above table please write in the comment box with justification.
SAM in Garment Industry
What is the Meaning of SAM in Garment Industry?
SAM is the time value arrived at for a task based on the average rate of output which qualified workers will naturally achieve without over exertion provided that they know and adhere to the specified method and provided that they are motivated to apply themselves to their work.
Here SAM stands for Standard Allowed Minute.In garment industry, specifically in production SAM is used for measuring work. In the factory work study department (also know as Industrial Engineering department) measure and calculate SAM for sewing operation using standard calculation method. Read 'How to calculate SAM of the garment'
SAM is used many ways directly and indirectly. Some of those are
- Factory as well as individual operator performance is measured by means of SAM
- Labor cost and associated cost ratios are measured by SAM
- Operators payroll and incentive amount is calculated based on earned SAM
- Latest production scheduling systems like line balancing system and performance measuring systems use SAM as one of the primary parameters.
An organised garment manufacturing company can not think about managing
and controlling shop floor without using SAM of the garment and
individual operations. Even apparel buyers do negotiation of garment
manufacturing price based on garment SAM.
To derive most appropriate SAM value of a garment, factories use PTS
based systems. Standard Time is also derived from time study method.
Manage Quality in a Better Way at Buyer’s
How to Manage Quality in a Better Way at Buyer’s End (Buying House) – Statistical Data Analysis
by Todor Stojanov
In this article author has explained ‘Statistical Data Analysis for Buying House towards better Quality Management’. The purpose of writing this article is to show some of the difficulties that big buying houses have been facing during the past years.
Supply chain in the apparel industry has become more complicated since companies have been seeking for lower cost and they have started to source their suppliers all around the globe. That brought the need for designing better control system of already very complicated supply network.
The Supply Chain in Apparel industry, illustrated in
Figure-1, is comprised of its main subjects: customer, retailer, garment
supplier and fabric supplier. This kind of supply chain is more or less
similar with most of the apparel companies. Usually, larger size
companies can have more complicated structure, especially in the garment
supply segment. Figure-2 illustrates the garment supply in larger
apparel company. Several subjects can be distinguished: buying house
(BH), garment supplier –contractor (GSC), garment supplier
sub-contractor (GSSC). In cases like this, where garment supply network
is getting more complicated, the company needs to think of establishing
efficient Quality Management System (QMS). That will ensure more
systematically approach in Quality Assurance (QA), detection of causes
and solving the problems for low quality.
 |
| Figure-1: Apparel Industry Supply Chain |
 |
| Figure-2: Garment Supply Hierarchy |
Inspection report should contain information which after analysis can give clear picture for the Quality status in the company. The following table presents the most important information that one QC report needs to have.
 |
| Table-1: Information to be collected from QC Inspection Report |
The information from the QC report can be digitalized and incorporated
into the ERP system of the company. Digital version of the QC report
should be able to satisfy the needs for providing the necessary
information and making the work process easier. The following picture
illustrates an IT solution as QA support in the company. Beside features
like, attaching pictures, adding comments and generating electronic
document that can be send via e-mail, the IT solution for QA support
should be able to keep history records and making statistical analysis. |
| Figure-3: IT Based MIS System for data analysis |
You can do analysis based of last 3 months data. Following parameters
can be considered while collecting data. You can use multiple forms
instead of one. Later make matrices for supplier performance on various
parameters.- Number of orders per supplier;
- Number of pieces per supplier;
- Cost of orders;
- Type of products per supplier;
- Number of RTS orders;
- Number of defective pieces;
- Cost for poor quality (2nd choice pieces, rework, delay);
- Type of defective product types (color, sizes);
- Type of defects;
- Number of defects per piece;
- Number of defects per order;
- Supplier name (responsible for low quality);
- Inspector name (responsible for low quality);
- Department (occurring the low quality);
- Inspected orders per QC inspector;
- Inspected quantity per QC inspector;
- Travel distance (to supplier) per QC inspector;
- Type of products per QC inspector;
- Number of orders without approval (raw materials approval, sample approval, size set approval);
- Number of orders with late approval;
- Number of delay delivery date orders;
By knowing the existing quality problems, it is much easier to locate the problem causes and came up with solution for problem solving.
The most important thing is that the QMS should be accepted and understood by all the participants in it. They need to follow the work standards and get the knowledge from the statistical data that can be used for problem solving and setting goals for the future.
Garment Manufacturing Start-ups
Business Plan for Garment Manufacturing Start-ups
If you are looking for ideas for starting small business in the garment industry, read 10 Small Business Ideas in Garment Industry before you start reading following business plan.
This article is written to give you an idea how to
make a business plan for garment manufacturing start-up. What all things
you can start working before the approach for an expert's help. Instead
of telling you how to start garment business, I will share what are
primary things you need to know, when you are ready to start your
business. There are two ways to a start business. One, first get
customers (buyers) and make products according to them and sell. Second,
make your product first and then get customers to sell your product.
Whatever way you choose to do business, you need to work on the
following things to make your project successful.Read the step-by-step guide for making your business plan. In some steps you might need expert's advice. In the article, I have included links for your further reading to understand the business better.
Select Product Category
What type of garments you are going to make? If you plan to make knits
garment (T-Shirts, Polo ), you would not try to make woven products
(Shirts, Trousers) at the same time. Again in woven and knits there is
wide range of product categories. Narrow you product profile as much as
possible. Lets say, you are going to make woven shirts - Formals and
Casuals. Write name of the product in your note book and move to the
second point.
Estimate Production Requirement
How many pieces are you planning to make daily? 50 shirts or 500 shirts
per day? It would be difficult to decide the figure at this stage but
you have to estimate a rough number. Later you can modify this figure
depending on the budget and customer demand. Otherwise you can't move
forward making your business plan. When my clients ask me question how
many machines and what all machines they need to buy for their garment
manufacturing set up, I ask them what (product name or type) do they
want to make and how many pieces of garments they are planning to make
per day. Read 'How to Calculate Production Capacity of a Factory'. Number of Machines
On the above I have said to you to estimate production requirement. If
you have decided the production figure, and product type, number of
sewing machines and other equipment requirement can be calculated.
Calculation can be also done in reverse way. In case you have a plan of
setting specific number of machines, and product type, estimated
production per day can be calculated. Here is the resource "How to Determine Machine Requirement for a New Factory" for your further reading.
Type of Machines
Next step is to find what types of machines are required to make
garments that you have selected from the wide range of product
categories. For example, read Types of Machines used by Shirt Making Factory.
It is also important to find number of machines to be purchased in each
machine type. This step would help you to calculate capital investment
in machines.
With sewing machines, make a list of other essential machines, equipment
and set up requirements. For example, pressing tables, cutting room
machines, Boiler (steam generator) for pressing table, diesel generator
for power back-up, finishing room equipment, furnishings etc.
Raw Materials Requirement
You have already selected the product that you are going to make. Now
make a list of raw materials required to make the garment with average
consumption. This would help you to prepare your budget on material
sourcing. A sample material list for knitted garment with projected cost
has been published here.
Factory Space Requirement
Now move one step ahead. How much space is required for installing
machines and office for staff? To set up factory you need space for
installing machines, office space and setting up departments for
production and associated processes. Calculate space requirement.
According to that you have can plan for a factory building or rent a
space. Estimate rent amount for the project budget.
Manpower Requirement
You have already planned for machines and materials. Now plan for the
requirement of manpower for the business. Manpower is one of the primary
resources for a business. In manpower planning, include number of
staffs, supervisors and workers (operators and helpers) you need to hire
to make projected garments and to run business smoothly. Also estimate
salaries for each employee and add to your budget to running cost. Get
an idea from the market how much salary you need to pay to managers and
workers.
Project Cost
I frequently get asked by people, how much money one needs to invest for
the small size garment business? Here it is. To know the estimated
budget you have to prepare cost of the project. You need to calculate
total capital investment, Rent, EMI amount (if you are taking loan),
salary for staff, workers wages and running costs. Also include finance
required for sourcing raw materials for initial months and other expense
etc. To run you business without financial problem, prepare monthly
cash flow requirement for at least one year.
To estimate project cost you can seek help from an expert.
To estimate project cost you can seek help from an expert.
Internal Process Flow
Make detailed process flow of an order. This will help you to decide
what all departments you need to set up and you can plan hiring people
accordingly. You can cross check about your equipment requirement
process by process. Read the Garment Manufacturing Process Flow Chart for the export orders. If you are new to garment manufacturing, read Apparel Manufacturing -An Overview'Supplier Listing
This process is not essential at first place. But you can start working
on finding good and reliable suppliers for fabrics, trims and other
necessary items required to manufacture your garments. Start
establishing suppliers with your region, then go to other state and even
you can source from international market for the quality and cost
effective materials.
You have finished the major part of making the garment manufacturing
project. Now make a list of potential customers and start contacting
them for business leads. Reach to Your Customers
If you are new to garment manufacturing and want to enter into garment business seek help from an expert. An expert's guidance will help you to save your time, money, and efforts. You can also learn many things about the business insights from an expert. Wish you all the best for your upcoming garment business project.
Spray-on Clothing
Spray-on Clothing: Latest Cloth Manufacturing Technique
Today I show an interesting development in cloth manufacturing on NewScientist site, a development by designers from Imperial College London. This video was made on September 2010, three years ago.
I don't know what to name this technique of cloth making. On the video it is named as Spray-on Clothing.
Click on the following video and watch the amazing way of cloth making
by directly spraying solvent on the wearer's body. Get the cloth ready
within a minute.One more interesting fact is that clothes made by this techniques can be recycled just by dissolving in the solvent.
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